Stability of vancomycin hydrochloride employed in antimicrobial seal solutions of central intravenous catheters. / Estabilidade do cloridrato de vancomicina empregado em soluções de selo antimicrobiano de cateteres intravenosos centrais.

OBJECTIVE: to verify the stability of vancomycin hydrochloride in antimicrobial seal solutions with and without association of heparin sodium according to temperature and association time. METHOD: an experimental study designed for the analysis of hydrogenionic potential and concentration by means of high-efficiency liquid chromatography of vancomycin hydrochloride (n=06) and vancomycin hydrochloride and heparin sodium (n=06). The solutions studied were submitted to absence of light, as well as to 22°C and 37°C. Analyses in triplicate (n=192) were performed at the initial moment (T0) and three (T3), eight (T8) and 24 hours (T24) after preparation. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (p≤0.05). RESULTS: concentration of the antimicrobial at 22°C presented a reduction (T0-T8) and a subsequent increase (T24); hydrogenionic potential decreased significantly over time. At 37°C, the concentration increased up to T3 and decreased at T24, with a reduction of hydrogenionic potential up to 24 hours. Concentration of the vancomycin hydrochloride and heparin sodium solutions varied with a reduction at 22°C, accompanied by increased hydrogenionic potential. Precipitate formation was observed by visual inspection of the vancomycin hydrochloride-heparin sodium association (T3). CONCLUSION: pharmacological stability of vancomycin hydrochloride (5 mg/mL) and physical incompatibility with heparin sodium (100 IU/mL) were evidenced after three hours of association in the antimicrobial seal solutions studied.

Estabilidade do cloridrato de vancomicina empregado em soluções de selo antimicrobiano de cateteres intravenosos centrais / Stability of vancomycin hydrochloride employed in antimicrobial seal solutions of central intravenous catheters / Estabilidad del clorhidrato de vancomicina utilizado en soluciones de sellado antimicrobiano para catéteres intravenosos centrales

Resumo Objetivo: verificar a estabilidade do cloridrato de vancomicina em soluções de selo antimicrobiano sem e com associação de heparina sódica segundo a temperatura e tempo de associação. Método: estudo experimental delineado para análise de potencial hidrogeniônico e concentração por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência de soluções de cloridrato de vancomicina (n=06) e cloridrato de vancomicina e heparina sódica (n=06). Submeteram-se as soluções estudadas à ausência de luz, 22°C e 37°C. Análises em triplicadas (n=192) ocorreram no momento inicial (T0), três (T3), oito (T8) e 24 horas (T24) após preparo. Os dados foram submetidos à análise de variância (p≤0,05). Resultados: a concentração do antimicrobiano a 22°C apresentou redução (T0-T8) e posterior elevação (T24); o potencial hidrogeniônico diminuiu significativamente ao longo do tempo. Em 37°C a concentração aumentou em até T3 e reduziu em T24, com redução de potencial hidrogeniônico até 24 horas. A concentração das soluções de cloridrato de vancomicina e heparina sódica apresentaram variação com redução a 22°C acompanhada de aumento de potencial hidrogeniônico. Observou-se formação de precipitado por inspeção visual da associação cloridrato de vancomicina e heparina sódica (T3). Conclusão: evidenciou-se estabilidade farmacológica do cloridrato de vancomicina (5 mg/mL) e incompatibilidade física com heparina sódica (100 UI/mL) após três horas de associação nas soluções de selo antimicrobiano estudadas.

Abstract Objective: to verify the stability of vancomycin hydrochloride in antimicrobial seal solutions with and without association of heparin sodium according to temperature and association time. Method: an experimental study designed for the analysis of hydrogenionic potential and concentration by means of high-efficiency liquid chromatography of vancomycin hydrochloride (n=06) and vancomycin hydrochloride and heparin sodium (n=06). The solutions studied were submitted to absence of light, as well as to 22°C and 37°C. Analyses in triplicate (n=192) were performed at the initial moment (T0) and three (T3), eight (T8) and 24 hours (T24) after preparation. The data were submitted to analysis of variance (p≤0.05). Results: concentration of the antimicrobial at 22°C presented a reduction (T0-T8) and a subsequent increase (T24); hydrogenionic potential decreased significantly over time. At 37°C, the concentration increased up to T3 and decreased at T24, with a reduction of hydrogenionic potential up to 24 hours. Concentration of the vancomycin hydrochloride and heparin sodium solutions varied with a reduction at 22°C, accompanied by increased hydrogenionic potential. Precipitate formation was observed by visual inspection of the vancomycin hydrochloride-heparin sodium association (T3). Conclusion: pharmacological stability of vancomycin hydrochloride (5 mg/mL) and physical incompatibility with heparin sodium (100 IU/mL) were evidenced after three hours of association in the antimicrobial seal solutions studied.

Resumen Objetivo: verificar la estabilidad del clorhidrato de vancomicina en soluciones de sellado antimicrobiano solo y combinado con heparina sódica según la temperatura y el tiempo de combinación. Método: estudio experimental diseñado para analizar el potencial de hidrógeno y la concentración por cromatografía líquida de alta resolución de soluciones de clorhidrato de vancomicina (n=06) y de clorhidrato de vancomicina y heparina sódica (n=06). Las soluciones estudiadas fueron sometidas a ausencia de luz, 22°C y 37°C. Se realizaron análisis por triplicado (n=192) en el momento inicial (T0), a las tres (T3), ocho (T8) y 24 horas (T24) después de la preparación. Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis de varianza (p≤0,05). Resultados: la concentración de antimicrobiano a 22°C mostró una reducción (T0-T8) y un posterior aumento (T24); el potencial de hidrógeno disminuyó significativamente con el tiempo. A 37°C, la concentración aumentó hasta T3 y disminuyó en T24, el potencial de hidrógeno disminuyó hasta las 24 horas. La concentración de las soluciones de clorhidrato de vancomicina y heparina sódica mostró variación con la reducción a 22°C acompañada de un aumento del potencial de hidrógeno. Mediante inspección visual se observó la formación de un precipitado al combinar clorhidrato de vancomicina y heparina sódica (T3). Conclusión: el clorhidrato de vancomicina (5 mg/ml) presentó evidencia de estabilidad farmacológica e incompatibilidad física con la heparina sódica (100 UI/ml) después de las tres horas de haberse realizado la combinación en las soluciones de sellado antimicrobiano estudiadas.

The influence of cell concentration at cryopreservation on neutrophil engraftment after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation

ABSTRACT Background: Peripheral blood stem cell concentrations are traditionally adjusted to 20-40 × 106 leukocytes/mL prior to freezing. This low cell concentration at cryopreservation implies larger volumes with more dimethyl sulfoxide being used, and higher cost and toxicity at the time of transplant. Higher cell concentrations have been reported but this is not widely accepted. Moreover, the influence of cell concentration on engraftment has not been well documented. Therefore, this study retrospectively analyzed the influence of peripheral blood stem cell concentration at freezing on engraftment after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Method: Leukapheresis products were plasma-depleted and cryopreserved with 5% dimethyl sulfoxide, 6% hydroxyethylamide solution and 4% albumin in a −80 °C freezer. Individual patient data from hospital records were reviewed. Results: Fifty consecutive patients with oncological diseases underwent 88 leukaphereses. Median age was six years (range: 1-32 years) and median weight was 19 kg (range: 8-94 kg). Median leukocyte concentration was 109 × 106/mL at collection and 359 × 106 (range: 58-676 × 106) at freezing with 78% viability (range: 53-95%); leukocyte recovery after thawing was 95% (range: 70-100%). In multivariate analysis, cell concentration (p-value = 0.001) had a negative impact on engraftment. Patients infused with bags frozen with <200 × 106 leukocytes/mL engrafted after a median of nine days (range: 8-12 days), 200-400 × 106 leukocytes/mL after 11 days (range: 9-20 days); 400-600 × 106 leukocytes/mL after 12 days (range: 8-19 days) and with cell concentrations >600 × 106 leukocytes/mL, engraftment was after 14 days (range: 13-22 days). Conclusion: In patients with adequate CD34 cell collections, total leukocyte concentrations of 282 × 106/mL, freezing with 5% dimethyl sulfoxide and 6% hydroxyethylamide solution without a controlled-rate freezer, and storing cells at −80 ºC yielded excellent engraftment. Further increases in cell concentration may delay engraftment, without affecting safety.

The influence of cell concentration at cryopreservation on neutrophil engraftment after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation.

BACKGROUND: Peripheral blood stem cell concentrations are traditionally adjusted to 20-40 × 106 leukocytes/mL prior to freezing. This low cell concentration at cryopreservation implies larger volumes with more dimethyl sulfoxide being used, and higher cost and toxicity at the time of transplant. Higher cell concentrations have been reported but this is not widely accepted. Moreover, the influence of cell concentration on engraftment has not been well documented. Therefore, this study retrospectively analyzed the influence of peripheral blood stem cell concentration at freezing on engraftment after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. METHOD: Leukapheresis products were plasma-depleted and cryopreserved with 5% dimethyl sulfoxide, 6% hydroxyethylamide solution and 4% albumin in a -80 °C freezer. Individual patient data from hospital records were reviewed. RESULTS: Fifty consecutive patients with oncological diseases underwent 88 leukaphereses. Median age was six years (range: 1-32 years) and median weight was 19 kg (range: 8-94 kg). Median leukocyte concentration was 109 × 106/mL at collection and 359 × 106 (range: 58-676 × 106) at freezing with 78% viability (range: 53-95%); leukocyte recovery after thawing was 95% (range: 70-100%). In multivariate analysis, cell concentration (p-value = 0.001) had a negative impact on engraftment. Patients infused with bags frozen with <200 × 106 leukocytes/mL engrafted after a median of nine days (range: 8-12 days), 200-400 × 106 leukocytes/mL after 11 days (range: 9-20 days); 400-600 × 106 leukocytes/mL after 12 days (range: 8-19 days) and with cell concentrations >600 × 106 leukocytes/mL, engraftment was after 14 days (range: 13-22 days). CONCLUSION: In patients with adequate CD34 cell collections, total leukocyte concentrations of 282 × 106/mL, freezing with 5% dimethyl sulfoxide and 6% hydroxyethylamide solution without a controlled-rate freezer, and storing cells at -80 °C yielded excellent engraftment. Further increases in cell concentration may delay engraftment, without affecting safety.

Perfil dos pacientes evasores atendidos no ambulatório de queimados do Conjunto Hospitalar de Sorocaba / Perfil de los pacientes evasores en atención ambulatoria por quemaduras en el Conjunto Hospitalar de Sorocaba / Profile of evaders patients in the burn clinic of the hospital set of Sorocaba

Identificar o perfil dos pacientes desistentes do tratamento ambulatorial de queimados do Conjunto Hospitalar de Sorocaba (CHS). Método: Estudo exploratório, descritivo de característica transversal e quantitativo com pacientes acima de 18 anos que sofreram queimaduras de 2° grau, com abandono do tratamento em regime ambulatorial da Unidade de Tratamento de Queimados (UTQ) do CHS, no período de novembro de 2013 a maio de 2014, por meio da busca no Serviço de Arquivo Médico e Estatística (SAME) e posterior visita domiciliária para a realização de entrevista semiestruturada. As variáveis analisadas foram as características sociodemográficas, clínicas e terapêuticas. Resultados: A amostra constitui-se de nove participantes; destes, 55,5% do gênero masculino, 44,4% possuíam vínculo profissional informal, 66,6% dos acidentes ocorreram em ambiente domiciliar, 88,8% por escaldo, sendo a mão o membro mais afetado (44%). A média de tratamento foi de 2 dias e a fase cicatricial identificada foi a hiperpigmentação (55,5%). Quanto ao tratamento tópico, foi utilizado em 44,4% a hidrofibra de carboximetilcelulose e prata a 1,2% e a colagenase e cloranfenicol (33,3%). Conclusão: A maioria dos envolvidos são pessoas economicamente ativas, que sofreram lesões, principalmente em mãos, o que impossibilitou sua produtividade, fator contribuinte para a desistência do tratamento. Visto a dificuldade em contatar todos os desistentes do tratamento, aliado à escassez de publicações, evidencia-se a necessidade de estudos sobre a temática...

Identificar el perfil de los pacientes desistentes del tratamiento ambulatorio de quemaduras del Conjunto Hospitalar de Sorocaba (CHS). Método: Investigación exploratoria descriptivo de carácter transversal y cuantitativos con pacientes mayores de 18 años que sufrió quemaduras de segundo grado con abandono en el tratamiento de la Unidad de Tratamiento de Quemados (UTQ) de CHS, desde noviembre 2013 a mayo 2014, mediante la investigación en los registros y estadísticas del Servicio Médico (SAME) y la posterior visita a la casa para llevar a cabo la entrevista semiestructurada. Las variables analizadas fueron las características demográficas, socio clínicas y terapéuticas. Resultados: La muestra consistió en nueve participantes, de éstos el 55,5% eran hombres, 44,4% tenian condición de empleo la condición de empleo informal, 66,6% de los accidentes se produjo en el entorno del hogar, 88,8% para el escaldado y la mano era el miembro más afectado (44%). La media del tratamiento fue de dos días y la fase de cicatrización fue de hiperpigmentación (55,5%). En cuanto al tratamiento tópico, 44,4% se utilizó en la carboximetilcelulosa hidrofibra y la plata 1,2% y la colagenasa y cloranfenicol (33,3%). Conclusión: La mayoría de los involucrados son personas económicamente activas, que sufrió lesiones, especialmente en las manos, lo que afectó su productividad, factor que contribuye al abandono del tratamiento. Dado que la dificultad para ponerse en contacto con todos los que abandonaron el tratamiento, en combinación con la escasez de publicaciones, se destaca la necesidad de estudios sobre el tema...

To identify the profile of dropouts patients in the outpatient treatment of burns of the Hospital Complex of Sorocaba (HCS). Method: Exploratory descriptive study of transversal and quantitative characteristic with patients older than 18 who suffered 2nd degree burns, with dropout in outpatient of Burn Care Unit of HCS in November 2013 to May 2014, by searching in Medical Records and Statistics Service (MRSS) and subsequent home visit to conduct semi-structured interview. The variables analyzed were the demographic characteristics, clinical and therapeutic partner. Results: The sample is constituted of nine participants, of these 55.5% were male, 44.4% had informal employment status, 66.6% of the accidents occurred in the home environment, 88.8% by scalding, being the hand over the affected limb (44%). The average treatment was 2 days and was identified scar hyperpigmentation phase (55.5%). As regards topical treatment, 44.4% was used in the hydrofiber carboxymethylcellulose and the silver and 1.2% collagenase and chloramphenicol (33.3%). Conclusion: The majority of those involved are economically active people, who have suffered injuries, especially in the hands, which prevented their productivity, contributing factor to the withdrawal of treatment. Since the difficulty in contacting all dropouts of treatment, combined with the scarcity of publications, highlights the need for studies on the subject...

Hydrogen profiles of dobutamine hydrochloride and fentanyl citrate solutions according to intravenous administration systems, temperature, and luminosity conditions.

Factors such as temperature, light exposure, drug concentration, ionic strength, time of infusion, and duration of drug association can influence the effectiveness of pharmacological solutions, which can compromise the solutions' quality, resulting in unstable solutions and drug incompatibility. The aim of this study was to determine the pH of solutions of dobutamine hydrochloride, fentanyl citrate, and their combination in 5% dextrose in water (D5W) under various light exposures and temperature conditions over time. The analysis was performed by measuring the pH of the substances in both pharmacological (commercial) preparations and in D5W under dark fluorescent light in the presence or absence of sunlight exposures, intravenous apparatus packaging (clear and amber burettes), and temperature (22°C and 37°C). Samples were collected immediately after preparation and after 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 24 hours of exposure to the various conditions; data were analyzed using mean standard deviations. Of the 260 pH values obtained, 50 (19.2%) were from commercial preparations and 210 (80.8%) from solutions exposed to various experimental conditions. Significant pH differences were found among the vials of the commercial preparation drugs. The largest pH value difference (0.88) was observed for fentanyl citrate, in which a pH increase of 0.88 (4.23 ± 0.62) was observed. The combination of drugs in D5W resulted in more acidic values than those of fentanyl citrate and of D5W and fentanyl citrate in D5W, but they were closer to what was observed for the solution of dobutamine hydrochloride in D5W. This solution was more acidic than fentanyl citrate diluted in D5W. The lower acidity of fentanyl citrate had a minor influence on the final pH of the combined drug solution in D5W. Under most conditions, the drug solutions kept at 22°C had pH values that were more acidic and less variable. Temperature was a major factor controlling the chemical behavior of the solutions analyzed. Analysis of chemical behavior in response to light exposure indicated that the solutions were more stable over time when kept in the dark.

Enfermeiro Clinico Especialista: um modelo de pratica avancada de enfermagem em oncologia pediatrica no Brasil / Enfermero Clinico Especialista: un modelo de practica avanzada de enfermeria en oncologia pediatrica en el Brasil / Clinical Nurse Specialist: a model of advanced nursing practice in pediatric oncology in Brazil

O objetivo deste artigo é relatar a experiência de implantação do modelo de prática avançada de enfermagem por meio da incorporação do enfermeiro clínico especialista na composição do quadro de enfermagem. As autoras apresentam o conceito desse modelo e descrevem seu processo de implantação em uma instituição de referência no cuidado à criança e ao adolescente com câncer da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Na avaliação das enfermeiras clínicas especialistas, o principal resultado obtido com a adoção do modelo refere-se ao fortalecimento do papel do enfermeiro como profissional de referência para a articulação das diferentes demandas de cuidado à criança, ao adolescente e ao adulto jovem com câncer e sua família. Também destacam a satisfação dos usuários com o estreitamento da relação paciente, família e enfermeira clínica, em todas as etapas do processo de cuidar.

El objetivo de este artículo es relatar la experiencia de implantación de un modelo de práctica avanzada en enfermería, por medio de la incorporación del enfermero clínico especialista en la composición del cuadro de personal de enfermería. Las autoras presentan el concepto de este modelo y describen el proceso de implantación en una institución de referencia para el cuidado de niños y adolescentes con cáncer de la ciudad de São Paulo, Brasil. Las enfermeras clínicas especialistas evalúan que el principal resultado de la adopción de este modelo fue el fortalecimiento del rol del enfermero como profesional de referencia para la articulación de las diferentes demandas de cuidado para la atención a los niños, adolescentes y adultos jóvenes con cáncer y su familia. También se destaca la satisfacción de los usuarios por el estrechamiento de la relación paciente, familia y enfermero clínico, en todas las etapas del proceso de cuidar.

The objective of this paper is to report the experience of implementing a model of advanced nursing practice that integrates a clinical nurse specialist into the nursing staff. The authors describe the concept of this model and the process of its implementation in a pediatric oncology reference institution in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The main result achieved in evaluating the clinical nurse specialist was strengthening of the role of the nurse as a reference professional for the articulation of the various demands of care in assisting the child, adolescent or young adult with cancer and his/her family. The satisfaction of these users due to the closer relationship between the patient, family and clinical nurse in all stages of the caring process also stands out.

[Clinical Nurse Specialist: a model of advanced nursing practice in pediatric oncology in Brazil]. / Enfermeiro Clínico Especialista: um modelo de prática avançada de enfermagem em oncologia pediátrica no Brasil.

The objective of this paper is to report the experience of implementing a model of advanced nursing practice that integrates a clinical nurse specialist into the nursing staff. The authors describe the concept of this model and the process of its implementation in a pediatric oncology reference institution in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The main result achieved in evaluating the clinical nurse specialist was strengthening of the role of the nurse as a reference professional for the articulation of the various demands of care in assisting the child, adolescent or young adult with cancer and his/her family. The satisfaction of these users due to the closer relationship between the patient, family and clinical nurse in all stages of the caring process also stands out.